moxon-frame-generator
simple generator for 3D-printed frames for a moxon rectangle antenna
Awesome-Cellular-Hacking
git clone https://github.com/W00t3k/Awesome-Cellular-Hacking.gitW00t3k/Awesome-Cellular-HackingA comprehensive curated list of resources for 2G/3G/4G/5G cellular security research and analysis
This repository consolidates community knowledge in the cellular security space, including exploits, research papers, tools, and educational resources. The goal is to preserve and organize important security research that might otherwise become difficult to find.
Disclaimer: This information is intended for educational and defensive security research purposes only. Use responsibly and in compliance with applicable laws and regulations.
New to cellular security research? This section outlines the recommended path for building foundational skills.
Beginner (passive listening only)
Intermediate (active research lab)
Advanced (protocol fuzzing and baseband research)
uhd_find_devices)How To Build Your Own Rogue GSM BTS For Fun and Profit
Guide to creating a portable GSM BTS for private networks or security testing. Covers technical setup using relatively inexpensive hardware.
How to Create an Evil LTE Twin / LTE Rogue BTS
Tutorial for setting up a 4G/LTE Evil Twin base station using srsRAN and USRP SDR devices.
Practical Attacks Against GSM Networks: Impersonation
Detailed analysis of GSM base station impersonation using SDR and open source tools.
Tutorial: Analyzing GSM with Airprobe and Wireshark
Step-by-step guide for using RTL-SDR to analyze GSM signals with GR-GSM/Airprobe and Wireshark.
GSM/GPRS Traffic Interception for Penetration Testing
NCC Group research on GSM/GPRS interception capabilities for penetration testing engagements.
RANsacked: 100+ Flaws in LTE and 5G Implementations — University of Florida / NC State, Jan 2025
Researchers disclosed 119 vulnerabilities (97 CVEs) across seven LTE and three 5G implementations including Open5GS, Magma, OpenAirInterface, Athonet, SD-Core, srsRAN. Every flaw can be used to persistently disrupt city-wide cellular communications. Some require no SIM card — a single unauthenticated packet can crash an MME or AMF.
CITesting: Context Integrity Violations in LTE Core Networks — KAIST, ACM CCS 2025 (Distinguished Paper)
KAIST researchers identified a new class of uplink attacks against LTE core networks. Unlike traditional downlink attacks, these work through legitimate base stations and can affect anyone in the same MME coverage area. All four tested implementations (Open5GS, srsRAN, Amarisoft, Nokia) were vulnerable.
Uncovering Hidden Paths in 5G: Protocol Tunneling and Network Boundary Bridging — ACM CCS 2025
New research on exploiting protocol tunneling in 5G networks to cross network boundaries and reach components that should be isolated.
BaseBridge: Over-the-Air and Emulation Testing for Cellular Baseband Firmware — IEEE S&P 2025
Bridges the gap between over-the-air and emulation-based testing for cellular baseband firmware analysis.
5G Network Slicing: Security Challenges, Attack Vectors, and Mitigation — PMC, July 2025
Comprehensive classification of attacks across orchestration, virtualization, and inter-slice communication layers in 5G.
Survey on 5G Physical Layer Security Threats and Countermeasures — MDPI Sensors, 2024
In-depth review of PHY layer attack surface in 4G/5G: jamming, spoofing, eavesdropping, pilot contamination, and current SDR-based research tooling.
| Software | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|
| OpenBTS (2024 Reloaded) | Updated Linux SDR-based GSM air interface for modern systems | GitHub |
| OpenBTS (Original) | Range Networks implementation | SourceForge |
| YateBTS | GSM/GPRS radio access network implementation | Website |
| srsRAN Project | Open-source 5G O-RAN CU/DU software suite | GitHub |
| srsRAN 4G | Open-source 4G software radio suite | GitHub |
| OpenAirInterface | Complete 4G/5G protocol stack | Website |
| Free5GC | Open-source 5G core network implementation | GitHub |
| Kamailio | Open-source SIP server used in IMS/VoLTE labs | Website |
# Add Ettus Research repository sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ettusresearch/uhd sudo apt-get update # Install UHD drivers and tools sudo apt-get install libuhd-dev libuhd003 uhd-host # Find connected devices uhd_find_devices # Download firmware images cd /usr/lib/uhd/utils/ ./uhd_images_downloader.py # Test device connection sudo uhd_usrp_probe
| Hardware | Frequency Range | Bandwidth | Price Range | Use Case | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ettus Research (USRP) | |||||
| USRP B210 | 70 MHz - 6 GHz | 61.44 MHz | $2,100 | Professional development, 2x2 MIMO | Ettus |
| USRP B200mini | 70 MHz - 6 GHz | 61.44 MHz | $775 | Compact USRP B-series | Ettus |
| USRP N210 | DC - 6 GHz | 25 MHz | $1,700 | High-performance networked SDR | Ettus |
| USRP N320 | 1 MHz - 6 GHz | 200 MHz | $8,000 | Networked 2x2 MIMO | Ettus |
| USRP X310 | DC - 6 GHz | 160 MHz | $6,000 | High-performance desktop/rack | Ettus |
| USRP X410 | 1 MHz - 7.2 GHz | 400 MHz | $15,000 | Latest high-performance 4x4 MIMO | Ettus |
| USRP X440 | 30 MHz - 4 GHz | 1.6 GHz | $25,000+ | Latest 8x8 MIMO RFSoC platform | Ettus |
| USRP E320 | 70 MHz - 6 GHz | 56 MHz | $4,000 | Embedded 2x2 MIMO SDR | Ettus |
| Nuand (BladeRF) | |||||
| BladeRF 2.0 xA4 | 47 MHz - 6 GHz | 61.44 MHz | $420 | Budget 2x2 MIMO development | Nuand |
| BladeRF 2.0 xA9 | 47 MHz - 6 GHz | 61.44 MHz | $720 | High FPGA resources, 2x2 MIMO | Nuand |
| BladeRF x40 (Legacy) | 300 MHz - 3.8 GHz | 40 MHz | $400 | Entry-level legacy model | Nuand |
| Great Scott Gadgets | |||||
| HackRF One | 1 MHz - 6 GHz | 20 MHz | $350 | Budget TX/RX development | GSG |
| YARD Stick One | 300-348, 391-464, 782-928 MHz | 2.5 MHz | $110 | Sub-GHz IoT frequencies | GSG |
| Lime Microsystems | |||||
| LimeSDR USB | 100 kHz - 3.8 GHz | 61.44 MHz | $289 | Open-source 2x2 MIMO | Lime Micro |
| LimeSDR Mini | 10 MHz - 3.5 GHz | 30.72 MHz | $139 | Compact LimeSDR variant | Lime Micro |
| LimeSDR Mini 2.0 | 10 MHz - 3.5 GHz | 30.72 MHz | $169 | Updated with ECP5 FPGA | Lime Micro |
| LimeSDR X3 | Various bands | Up to 61.44 MHz | $3,000+ | Professional 3x transceiver PCIe | Lime Micro |
| Analog Devices | |||||
| PlutoSDR | 325 MHz - 3.8 GHz | 20 MHz | $150 | Education and learning platform | Analog Devices |
| RTL-SDR Blog | |||||
| RTL-SDR V3 | 500 kHz - 1.75 GHz | 3.2 MHz | $35 | Ultra-budget RX-only scanner | RTL-SDR |
| RTL-SDR V4 | 500 kHz - 1.75 GHz | 3.2 MHz | $40 | Latest with R828D tuner | RTL-SDR |
| Airspy | |||||
| Airspy R2 | 24 MHz - 1.8 GHz | 10 MHz | $200 | High-performance VHF/UHF scanner | Airspy |
| Airspy Mini | 24 MHz - 1.8 GHz | 6 MHz | $99 | Compact Airspy in dongle format | Airspy |
| Airspy HF+ Discovery | 9 kHz - 31 MHz, 60-260 MHz | 768 kHz | $169 | Dedicated HF reception | Airspy |
| SDRplay | |||||
| RSP1A | 1 kHz - 2 GHz | 10 MHz | $119 | Wideband general purpose | SDRplay |
| RSPdx | 1 kHz - 2 GHz | 10 MHz | $299 | Professional features, dual antenna | SDRplay |
| Red Pitaya | |||||
| STEMlab 125-14 | DC - 60 MHz | 50 MHz | $600 | HF transceiver, lab instrument | Red Pitaya |
| STEMlab 122-16 | DC - 50 MHz | Variable | $625 | High-resolution HF SDR/scope | Red Pitaya |
| Issue | Possible Causes |
|---|---|
| Device not detected | Improper firmware, USB connection issues |
| Poor signal quality | Incorrect antennas, wrong frequency configuration |
| Connection failures | Wrong SIM, incorrect MCC/MNC codes |
| Performance issues | Virtualized platform limitations, wrong SDR firmware |
Budget-Friendly Baseband Fuzzing Setup — DefCon 32, Janne Taponen
Covers building cost-effective baseband fuzzing rigs using SDRs, using LLMs to accelerate protocol parser development, and testing automotive ECUs, payment terminals, and mobile devices.
RANsacked Fuzzing Framework — University of Florida / NC State, ACM CCS 2024
Domain-informed fuzzing approach targeting RAN-Core interfaces. Discovered 119 vulnerabilities across ten network implementations.
BaseBridge — IEEE S&P 2025
Framework that bridges over-the-air and emulation-based testing for cellular baseband firmware.
From NIST SP 800-187:
CITesting: Systematic Testing of Context Integrity Violations in LTE Core Networks — KAIST (Distinguished Paper)
New class of uplink attacks against LTE core networks that work through legitimate base stations — no rogue BTS required. All four tested implementations were vulnerable, including commercial systems from Nokia and Amarisoft.
Uncovering Hidden Paths in 5G: Exploiting Protocol Tunneling and Network Boundary Bridging
Demonstrates how attackers can use protocol tunneling to traverse network boundaries and reach isolated 5G components.
BaseBridge: Bridging Over-the-Air and Emulation Testing for Cellular Baseband Firmware
New framework for cellular baseband firmware security testing that combines emulation and OTA testing approaches.
5G Baseband Vulnerabilities — Penn State University
Researchers disclosed 12 vulnerabilities in 5G basebands from Samsung, MediaTek, and Qualcomm, affecting devices from Google, OPPO, OnePlus, Motorola, and Samsung. Accompanied by the release of the 5GBaseChecker tool.
Economizing Mobile Network Warfare: Budget-Friendly Baseband Fuzzing — Janne Taponen
Making baseband fuzzing accessible with affordable SDR hardware. Covers LLM-assisted protocol parser development and vulnerability discovery across automotive ECUs, payment terminals, and cellular modems.
CITesting: Systematic Testing of Context Integrity Violations in LTE Core Networks — ACM CCS 2025 (Distinguished Paper Award)
KAIST's CITesting tool runs thousands of test cases against LTE core implementations, dwarfing the 31-case coverage of prior tooling (LTEFuzz). All four tested implementations contained CIV vulnerabilities.
Uncovering Hidden Paths in 5G: Protocol Tunneling and Network Boundary Bridging — ACM CCS 2025
5G Network Slicing: Security Challenges, Attack Vectors, and Mitigation Approaches — MDPI, July 2025
Starshields for iOS: Navigating the Security Cosmos in Satellite Communication — NDSS 2025
First comprehensive security analysis of Apple's satellite communication features. Researchers reverse-engineered the proprietary protocol, demonstrated restriction bypasses, and built a simulation testbed covering Emergency SOS, Find My, roadside assistance, and iMessage over satellite.
RANsacked: A Domain-Informed Approach for Fuzzing LTE and 5G RAN-Core Interfaces — ACM CCS 2024
119 vulnerabilities, 97 CVEs, across ten implementations. Any one of them enables city-wide disruption of cellular communications.
Survey on 5G Physical Layer Security Threats and Countermeasures — MDPI Sensors 2024
Comprehensive review of PHY-layer attack surface covering eavesdropping, jamming, spoofing, pilot contamination, and SDR-based research frameworks.
5GBaseChecker Tool Release — Penn State University
Open-source tool for detecting vulnerabilities in 5G baseband implementations. Used to find 12 critical bugs in Samsung, MediaTek, and Qualcomm chipsets.
Privacy Attacks on 4G/5G Paging Protocols — NDSS 2019
New Vulnerabilities in 4G and 5G Cellular Access Network Protocols — WiSec 2019
Three new attack classes exploiting unprotected device capability information: identification, bidding-down, and battery drain.
| Component | Purpose | Link |
|---|---|---|
| Ettus USRP B210 | Software Defined Radio | Product Page |
| srsENB | 4G/5G Base Station Software | GitHub |
| Open5GS | 5G Core Network | GitHub |
| sysmo-usim-tool | SIM Programming | Project Page |
| pysim | SIM Analysis Tool | GitHub |
| CoIMS | VoLTE Testing | Play Store |
| Docker Open5GS | Containerized Core | Tutorial |
CellGuard — SEEMOO Lab, 2024
iOS app that detects rogue base stations by analyzing baseband packets in real-time. Integrates with the Apple Cell Location Database for anomaly detection. Website — TestFlight Beta
Fork the repo, add resources with descriptions, verify links are active, and submit a pull request with context on what was added.
This repository is for educational and research purposes only. Users are responsible for complying with all applicable laws and regulations. The maintainers do not endorse or encourage illegal activities.
Last Updated: March 2026 Maintainer: @W00t3k
Broken links or new resources? Open an issue or submit a PR.
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