Laravel Slower

Find your slowest database queries — and let AI tell you how to fix them.

Laravel Slower watches every query your application runs, captures the ones that cross your threshold, and uses AI to recommend indexes and query rewrites. It speaks to every major LLM — OpenAI, Anthropic (Claude), Google Gemini, or any custom/self-hosted model — through one official package. And since v2.3 it ships with a built-in dashboard: install the package and you have a full slow-query UI at /slower, with zero frontend work — no npm, no CDN, no assets to publish.

Contents

• Features
• How it works
• Requirements
• Installation
• The Dashboard
• Query groups
• Origin context
• Production controls
• Privacy: what reaches your AI provider
• Queued analysis
• Events
• Configuration
• AI providers
• Commands and scheduling
• Programmatic usage
• Development and testing

Features

• 🚨 Automatic capture — a DB::listen hook logs every query slower than your threshold, with bindings and resolved SQL.
• 🧬 Query groups — every capture gets a fingerprint, so 10,000 repeats of the same statement read as one problem with a counter, not ten thousand rows.
• 📍 Origin context — each capture records where it came from: the route and controller action, queue job, or artisan command, down to the file:line of your code that triggered it.
• 🤖 AI recommendations — sends the query shape, schema, indexes, origin and a safe EXPLAIN plan to your LLM of choice (OpenAI, Anthropic, Gemini, or a custom driver) and stores actionable optimization advice.
• 🔒 Privacy-first AI payload — by default only the parameterized SQL leaves your app: no binding values, no literals. Raw SQL and bindings are explicit opt-ins with a redactor hook.
• 🧩 Any major LLM, one variable — switch providers with SLOWER_AI_SERVICE; credentials live in Prism's config, not Slower's. Bring your own model with a one-method driver.
• 📊 Built-in dashboard — stats, events & grouped views, search, filters, sorting, query detail with rendered recommendations, one-click Analyze with AI, cleanup tools. Dark and light theme, fully self-contained.
• 🎚️ Production controls — sampling, a per-request capture cap, and a circuit breaker that backs off when storing logs fails. Safe to leave on under real traffic.
• 🧵 Queued analysis — run AI analysis as unique background jobs (SLOWER_ANALYZE_QUEUE) so a 30-second LLM round-trip never blocks a request.
• 📣 Events, not lock-in — SlowQueryCaptured and SlowQueryFirstSeen events let you wire alerts to Slack, mail or anything else in a few lines.
• 🛡️ Safe by default — the dashboard is only accessible in the local environment until you explicitly open it, AI actions are rate-limited and capped, destructive actions ask first.
• ⏰ Scheduler-friendly commands — slower:analyze, slower:clean and slower:fingerprint for bulk analysis, retention and upgrades.

How it works

every query → DB::listen (timed) → slower than threshold → slow_logs → AI analysis → recommendation → /slower

1. Capture. A DB::listen hook times every query. Anything slower than threshold (ms) is written to the slow_logs table with its SQL, bindings, connection, a fingerprint (so repeats group together) and its origin (route/job/command + code location). Faster queries are ignored — nothing is stored.
2. Analyze. slower:analyze (or the dashboard's Analyze with AI button, or a queued job) sends each unanalyzed query — the parameterized SQL, table schema, indexes, origin and a safe, read-only EXPLAIN plan — to your configured LLM (OpenAI, Claude, Gemini or a custom driver).
3. Recommend. The advice (indexes, rewrites, data-type fixes) is stored on the record and rendered as markdown in the dashboard, ready to act on.

Requirements

• PHP 8.3+
• Laravel 11.x, 12.x or 13.x

Installation

composer require halilcosdu/laravel-slower

php artisan vendor:publish --tag="slower-migrations"
php artisan migrate

That's it — in your local environment, open /slower and every captured slow query is waiting for you.

Optionally publish the config file:

php artisan vendor:publish --tag="slower-config"

To enable AI recommendations, pick a provider and set its API key.

The Dashboard

The dashboard lives at /slower and gives you:

• Overview stats — captured count, pending analysis, average and max duration.
• Two list modes — Events (every capture) and Grouped (one row per query shape with an occurrence counter, avg/max duration and last-seen time). Click a group to drill into its events.
• Search and filters — search over the resolved SQL, status and connection filters, sortable columns, pagination — in both modes.
• Query detail — formatted SQL, parameterized statement, bindings, the origin (route/job/command and code location), and the AI recommendation rendered from markdown.
• Actions — Analyze with AI per query (or up to analyze_pending_limit pending queries at once), delete, and clean up older than N days (0 wipes everything). Every AI action warns that it may incur provider charges; every destructive action asks for confirmation.

Authorizing access in production

Exactly like Telescope and Horizon, the dashboard is protected by a gate. By default it only allows access in the local environment. To open it up in other environments, define a viewSlower gate — for example in AppServiceProvider:

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Gate;

Gate::define('viewSlower', function ($user = null) {
    return $user?->email === 'you@example.com';
});

Dashboard configuration

'dashboard' => [
    'enabled' => env('SLOWER_DASHBOARD_ENABLED', true),
    'path' => env('SLOWER_DASHBOARD_PATH', 'slower'),
    'domain' => env('SLOWER_DASHBOARD_DOMAIN'),
    'middleware' => [
        'web',
        HalilCosdu\Slower\Http\Middleware\Authorize::class,
    ],
    'per_page' => 25,
    'analyze_pending_limit' => 10,
],

Set SLOWER_DASHBOARD_ENABLED=false to remove the routes entirely, or change path to serve it elsewhere. Want to restyle it? php artisan vendor:publish --tag="laravel-slower-views".

Warning

Captured SQL and bindings can contain user data, tokens and other secrets, and analyzing a query sends it (with schema context) to your AI provider as a billable API call. Keep the gate tight, and prune regularly with slower:clean.

Query groups

The same slow query rarely fires once. Every capture is fingerprinted — literals, whitespace, placeholder style and IN (...) list sizes are normalized away — so these three executions:

select * from orders where status = 'pending'  and created_at >= '2026-06-01'
select * from orders where status = 'refunded' and created_at >= '2026-07-01'
SELECT * FROM orders WHERE status = ? AND created_at >= ?

are one group in the dashboard's Grouped view, with an occurrence counter, average/max duration, and last-seen time — so you fix the most frequent offender first instead of scrolling through repeats. Groups are scoped per connection, and clicking one drills down to its individual events.

Fingerprints are computed from the parameterized SQL (never from real values) and the algorithm is versioned. Upgrading from an earlier version? Fingerprint your existing records once:

php artisan slower:fingerprint   # chunked & idempotent — safe to interrupt and re-run

Origin context

"Which query is slow" is only half the answer — where it comes from is the half you can act on. Each capture records its origin automatically:

The origin is shown on the query detail page and included in the AI prompt — which turns generic advice into "add ->with('items') to the query in OrderController@index".

Two privacy notes, both deliberate defaults:

SLOWER_CAPTURE_ORIGIN=true    # set false to skip origin capture entirely
SLOWER_CAPTURE_USER_ID=false  # opt in to also record the authenticated user id

The backtrace is taken only for queries that already crossed the threshold (so there is no per-query overhead), with DEBUG_BACKTRACE_IGNORE_ARGS — argument values never enter the trace.

Production controls

Designed to be left on under real traffic:

SLOWER_SAMPLE_RATE=1.0        # capture this fraction of threshold-exceeding queries (0.0–1.0)
SLOWER_MAX_PER_EXECUTION=50   # hard cap per request / job / command run

• Sampling — on very high-traffic apps, capture a representative fraction instead of every slow query. Counts become approximate; your database stays calm.
• Per-execution cap — one runaway request or job can produce hundreds of slow queries; the cap stops it from flooding the log table.
• Circuit breaker — if storing a capture itself fails (full disk, dropped table), Slower backs off for 60 seconds instead of adding a failed INSERT to every slow query in the process. Failures are still report()ed.
• Self-capture guard — queries touching Slower's own table are never captured, so the logger cannot feed itself.

Privacy: what reaches your AI provider

The AI payload is safe by default — this is the exact contract:

If your provider needs the real values for better advice, opt in explicitly — and put a redactor in front for defense in depth:

SLOWER_AI_SEND_RAW_SQL=true
SLOWER_AI_SEND_BINDINGS=true

// config/slower.php
'ai_payload' => [
    'send_raw_sql' => env('SLOWER_AI_SEND_RAW_SQL', false),
    'send_bindings' => env('SLOWER_AI_SEND_BINDINGS', false),
    'redactor' => App\Support\SlowerRedactor::class,
],

namespace App\Support;

use HalilCosdu\Slower\Contracts\PayloadRedactor;

class SlowerRedactor implements PayloadRedactor
{
    public function redactBindings(array $bindings): array
    {
        return array_map(
            fn ($value) => is_string($value) && str_contains($value, '@') ? '[email]' : $value,
            $bindings,
        );
    }

    public function redactRawSql(string $rawSql): string
    {
        return preg_replace('/\b[\w.+-]+@[\w-]+\.[\w.]+\b/', '[email]', $rawSql);
    }
}

A misconfigured redactor (a class that doesn't implement the contract) throws instead of silently passing secrets. The redactor covers every outbound path — raw SQL, bindings, and the EXPLAIN plan (which can echo literal values on some drivers) — so a configured redactor is applied consistently. Without a redactor, set SLOWER_AI_RECOMMENDATION_USE_EXPLAIN=false in strict environments to keep plan literals out of the payload.

Queued analysis

An LLM round-trip takes seconds; by default Slower analyzes synchronously (no worker needed). On any app with a queue, flip one variable and analysis becomes background work:

SLOWER_ANALYZE_QUEUE=default   # any queue name; unset = synchronous

• The dashboard's Analyze buttons dispatch jobs and return immediately.
• php artisan slower:analyze --queue queues every pending record instead of processing them inline.
• Jobs are unique per record — double-clicks and overlapping scheduler runs can't queue duplicate (billable) analyses.
• Failures follow your queue's retry semantics, and a record is only marked analyzed when a recommendation was actually stored.

# A worker for that queue, and you're done:
php artisan queue:work --queue=default

Events

Slower ships events, not notification channels — wire them to whatever your team uses:

• HalilCosdu\Slower\Events\SlowQueryCaptured — fired for every stored capture.
• HalilCosdu\Slower\Events\SlowQueryFirstSeen — fired only the first time a query shape is ever captured. This is the "a new slow query appeared" signal, without the noise of repeats.

A complete Slack alert in ~15 lines — listen for first-seen shapes and notify:

// app/Providers/AppServiceProvider.php
use HalilCosdu\Slower\Events\SlowQueryFirstSeen;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Event;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Notification;

public function boot(): void
{
    Event::listen(function (SlowQueryFirstSeen $event) {
        Notification::route('slack', config('services.slack.alerts_webhook'))
            ->notify(new \App\Notifications\NewSlowQuery($event->record));
    });
}

// app/Notifications/NewSlowQuery.php (the interesting part)
public function toSlack(object $notifiable): SlackMessage
{
    $origin = $this->record->origin['action'] ?? $this->record->origin['job'] ?? 'unknown origin';

    return (new SlackMessage)
        ->text(sprintf(
            '🐌 New slow query (%.0f ms) from %s: %s',
            $this->record->time,
            $origin,
            \Illuminate\Support\Str::limit($this->record->sql, 120),
        ));
}

Configuration

This is the full contents of the published config file:

use HalilCosdu\Slower\Http\Middleware\Authorize;
use HalilCosdu\Slower\Models\SlowLog;

return [
    'enabled' => env('SLOWER_ENABLED', true),
    'threshold' => env('SLOWER_THRESHOLD', 10000), // ms
    'ai_service' => env('SLOWER_AI_SERVICE', 'openai'),
    'capture' => [
        'sample_rate' => env('SLOWER_SAMPLE_RATE', 1.0),
        'max_per_execution' => env('SLOWER_MAX_PER_EXECUTION', 50),
        'origin' => [
            'enabled' => env('SLOWER_CAPTURE_ORIGIN', true),
            'user_id' => env('SLOWER_CAPTURE_USER_ID', false),
        ],
    ],
    'resources' => [
        'table_name' => (new SlowLog)->getTable(),
        'model' => SlowLog::class,
    ],
    'dashboard' => [
        'enabled' => env('SLOWER_DASHBOARD_ENABLED', true),
        'path' => env('SLOWER_DASHBOARD_PATH', 'slower'),
        'domain' => env('SLOWER_DASHBOARD_DOMAIN'),
        'middleware' => [
            'web',
            Authorize::class,
        ],
        'per_page' => 25,
        'analyze_pending_limit' => 10,
    ],
    'ai_recommendation' => env('SLOWER_AI_RECOMMENDATION', true),
    // null = analyze synchronously; a queue name = analyze as background jobs
    'analyze_queue' => env('SLOWER_ANALYZE_QUEUE'),
    'ai_payload' => [
        'send_raw_sql' => env('SLOWER_AI_SEND_RAW_SQL', false),
        'send_bindings' => env('SLOWER_AI_SEND_BINDINGS', false),
        'redactor' => null, // class-string implementing Contracts\PayloadRedactor
    ],
    // null → a sensible low-cost default for the selected provider
    'recommendation_model' => env('SLOWER_AI_RECOMMENDATION_MODEL'),
    'recommendation_use_explain' => env('SLOWER_AI_RECOMMENDATION_USE_EXPLAIN', true),
    'ignore_explain_queries' => env('SLOWER_IGNORE_EXPLAIN_QUERIES', true),
    'ignore_insert_queries' => env('SLOWER_IGNORE_INSERT_QUERIES', true),
    'prompt' => env('SLOWER_PROMPT', '...'), // the system prompt sent to the AI
];

A few keys worth tuning:

• threshold — the millisecond bar for "slow". Lower it in staging to surface more, raise it in production to keep the table lean.
• capture.sample_rate / capture.max_per_execution — the production controls for high-traffic apps.
• ai_recommendation — set to false to keep logging slow queries while never calling an AI API (no charges).
• analyze_queue — a queue name to make analysis background work; null keeps it synchronous.
• ai_payload — the privacy contract for what reaches your provider.
• recommendation_use_explain — attaches a safe, read-only EXPLAIN plan to the prompt for sharper advice.

AI providers

Slower talks to every major LLM through one official package — Prism. There are no provider credentials in Slower's own config: you pick a provider with a single variable, and Prism reads the key from its own config (config/prism.php), which in turn reads the conventional environment variables.

SLOWER_AI_SERVICE=openai   # openai · anthropic · gemini · ollama · … · or a custom driver

Override any default with SLOWER_AI_RECOMMENDATION_MODEL.

Note

Upgrading from an OpenAI-only version? Nothing to change — Prism reads your existing OPENAI_API_KEY, and a boot-time bridge still honors a legacy slower.open_ai.api_key.

Below is the exact setup for each major provider. In every case only two lines are required — SLOWER_AI_SERVICE and the provider's API key; everything else is an optional override, shown commented out with its default value.

OpenAI

SLOWER_AI_SERVICE=openai
OPENAI_API_KEY=sk-...

# Optional overrides (defaults shown)
# SLOWER_AI_RECOMMENDATION_MODEL=gpt-5.4-mini
# OPENAI_URL=https://api.openai.com/v1     # point at Azure OpenAI or a proxy
# OPENAI_ORGANIZATION=
# OPENAI_PROJECT=

Get a key at platform.openai.com.

Anthropic (Claude)

SLOWER_AI_SERVICE=anthropic
ANTHROPIC_API_KEY=sk-ant-...

# Optional overrides (defaults shown)
# SLOWER_AI_RECOMMENDATION_MODEL=claude-haiku-4-5
# ANTHROPIC_API_VERSION=2023-06-01
# ANTHROPIC_URL=https://api.anthropic.com/v1

Get a key at console.anthropic.com.

Google Gemini

SLOWER_AI_SERVICE=gemini
GEMINI_API_KEY=...

# Optional overrides (defaults shown)
# SLOWER_AI_RECOMMENDATION_MODEL=gemini-2.5-flash
# GEMINI_URL=https://generativelanguage.googleapis.com/v1beta/models

Get a key at aistudio.google.com.

Self-hosted & OpenAI-compatible (Ollama, LM Studio, OpenRouter, Groq, …)

Any Prism provider works. These have no built-in default model, so you must name one:

SLOWER_AI_SERVICE=ollama
SLOWER_AI_RECOMMENDATION_MODEL=qwen2.5-coder

# Optional overrides (default shown)
# OLLAMA_URL=http://localhost:11434

A fully custom driver

For a bespoke backend, register a driver in a service provider — no HTTP code required from Slower:

use HalilCosdu\Slower\AiServiceDrivers\AiServiceManager;
use HalilCosdu\Slower\AiServiceDrivers\Contracts\AiServiceDriver;

app(AiServiceManager::class)->extend('my-llm', fn () => new class implements AiServiceDriver
{
    public function analyze(string $userMessage): ?string
    {
        // Call your model. Return the recommendation text, or null to retry later.
    }
});

Then set SLOWER_AI_SERVICE=my-llm.

Tip

Model ids move fast. If a default drifts, pin the current low-cost model for your provider with SLOWER_AI_RECOMMENDATION_MODEL. AI requests time out after Prism's default of 30 seconds — raise it with PRISM_REQUEST_TIMEOUT (seconds) for very large schemas or slower models.

Commands and scheduling

php artisan slower:analyze           # analyze every record where is_analyzed=false
php artisan slower:analyze --queue   # ...as unique background jobs instead
php artisan slower:clean 15          # delete records older than 15 days
php artisan slower:fingerprint       # one-time: fingerprint records captured before v3.2

Run them on a schedule so analysis and retention take care of themselves:

use HalilCosdu\Slower\Commands\AnalyzeQuery;
use HalilCosdu\Slower\Commands\SlowLogCleaner;

protected function schedule(Schedule $schedule): void
{
    $schedule->command(AnalyzeQuery::class)->runInBackground()->daily();
    $schedule->command(SlowLogCleaner::class)->runInBackground()->daily();
}

Programmatic usage

Everything the dashboard does is available through the Slower facade and the SlowLog model.

use HalilCosdu\Slower\Facades\Slower;
use HalilCosdu\Slower\Models\SlowLog;

// Analyze a single captured query — returns the analyzed model.
$record = SlowLog::first();

Slower::analyze($record);

$record->raw_sql;        // select count(*) as aggregate from "product_prices" where ...
$record->recommendation; // the AI's optimization advice (markdown)

Because slow queries are plain Eloquent records, you can query and act on them however you like:

use HalilCosdu\Slower\Facades\Slower;
use HalilCosdu\Slower\Models\SlowLog;

// How many queries are still waiting for analysis?
$pending = SlowLog::where('is_analyzed', false)->count();

// Analyze the twenty slowest unanalyzed queries.
SlowLog::query()
    ->where('is_analyzed', false)
    ->orderByDesc('time')
    ->limit(20)
    ->get()
    ->each(fn (SlowLog $log) => Slower::analyze($log));

// The most frequent slow query shapes (what the Grouped view shows).
SlowLog::query()
    ->whereNotNull('fingerprint')
    ->selectRaw('fingerprint, count(*) as occurrences, max(time) as max_time')
    ->groupBy('fingerprint')
    ->orderByDesc('occurrences')
    ->limit(5)
    ->get();

// Where did this one come from?
$record->fingerprint;        // 40-char shape hash, shared by all repeats
$record->origin;             // ['type' => 'http', 'route' => 'orders.index',
                             //  'action' => 'App\...\OrderController@index',
                             //  'frame' => 'app/Http/Controllers/OrderController.php:38']

CREATE INDEX idx_product_prices
ON product_prices (product_id, price, discount_total);

SELECT COUNT(*) AS aggregate
FROM product_prices
WHERE product_id = 1 AND price = 0 AND discount_total > 0;

Development and testing

composer test       # Pest test suite
composer analyse    # PHPStan level 5
composer format     # Laravel Pint
composer start      # build the workbench demo app (seeded) and serve the dashboard

Changelog

Please see CHANGELOG for more information on what has changed recently.

Contributing

Please see CONTRIBUTING for details.

Security Vulnerabilities

Please review our security policy on how to report security vulnerabilities.

Credits

• Halil Cosdu
• All Contributors

License

The MIT License (MIT). Please see License File for more information.