Four-Space Visualization of 4D Objects

This repository contains my 1991 thesis (converted to HTML from the original nroff sources), as well as the original code for my 4D wireframe viewer and my 4D raytracer.

The thesis is now a single all-inclusive HTML file: Four-Space Visualization of 4D Objects.

See the thesis/ directory for my thesis source files and associated material.

Wire4

wire4 is my 4D wireframe viewer. It was written to run on an SGI Iris workstation. It reads in arbitrary 4D wireframes from a simple text file and displays them interactively. The code has not been maintained, though, and will not run on most modern computers.

Ray4

ray4 is the updated 4D raytracer, converted to C++. All new features will be created here.

Ray4-c

ray4-c is the original 4D raytracer, written in standard C. It can read from standard input and writes to standard output, so should be able to run on most computers. The output is a 3D RGB image that can be displayed with a variety of methods. See ray4/craig/ for some tools.

Image4

The image4 tool is a utility to query and display the 3D image cube generated by ray4. It's an entirely new tool in development. The plan is to have this tool generate PPM images from the 3D image cube.

GitHub Notes

You can send any questions to me at steve@hollasch.net. Also, now that GitHub has a discussions feature, feel free to start a conversation in the discussions section.

Other 4D Work

I'm contacted from time to time by others who have referenced my thesis or are embarking on 4D visualization work of their own. Here are links to other work I've seen.

• 4D Snake
• 4+ Dimensional Solid Wireframes